Coal Mine Plant

Access to coal deposits at an underground operation is provided by drifts, slopes, or shafts. The coalbed is developed for further operations by driving entries. Although terminology varies, the following system of entries is universal in the industry. Main entries are extensions of access openings and often run several miles in one direction. Three or more parallel entries, 12 to 22 feet wide and 40 to 100 feet between centers, are driven in a given direction and connected at intervals by crosscuts to provide proper air circulation. These are the major routes of underground transport and access, and serve for the life of the mine. Panel entries are driven from the main entries, resulting in a subdivision of the coalbed into blocks or panels having dimensions that may be as much as 1 by 1/2 mile. Panel entries serve as routes from the main entries to the working places, and for air circulation. Although coal is removed during the driving of the main and panel entries, the production cycle begins upon completion of the panel entries.

Access to coal deposits at a surface operation involves the use of large equipment such as bucket-wheel excavators, draglines, and shovels to remove overburden from the coal so extraction can begin. The big coal block should be send to coal crusher to crush into smaller or send to coal mill for grinding into fine powder. As mining progresses, development consists mainly of extending paved roads and power lines, and constructing new roads for access to the coal deposit.

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